Studies on the Elimination Reaction of Rhodotorula gracilis D-Amino Acid Oxidase with β-Chloro-D-alanine
نویسندگان
چکیده
a c i d a H a s a p r o t o n v i a t h e s o c a l l e d " c a r b a n i o n m e c h a n i s m " . a p r o c e s s t h a t r e q u i r e s a n a c t i v e s i t e b a s e . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e w o r k o n p k D A A O r e c o n s t i t u t e d w i t h t h e a r t i f i c i a l f 1 a v i n 5 < l e a z a F A D ( 3 ) f a v o r e d a h y d r i d e m e c h a n i s m p r o c e e d i n g v i a t r a n s f e r o f t h e s u b s t r a t e a C H t o t h e f 1 a v i n N ( 5 ) . M o r e r e c e n t l y t h e t h r e e < l i m e n s i o n a l s t r u c t u r e o f p k D A A O ( 4 , 5 ) a n d o f t h e e n z y m e f r o m t h e y e a s t R h o d o t o r u l a g r a c i l i s ( R g D A A O ) h a s b e e n r e s o l v e d ( 6 ) . T h e h i g h r e s o l u t i o n o f t h i s l a t t e r s t r u c t u r e i n c o m p l e x w i t h v a r i o u s s u b s t r a t e s / l i g a n d s s h o w s t h a t t h e o r i e n t a t i o n o f t h e f 1 a v i n c o f a c t o r a n d o f t h e s u b s t r a t e i s i n f a v o r o f a h y d r i d e m e c h a n i s m . T h e f o l l o w i n g e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s a l s o s u p p o r t t h i s c o n c l u s i o n : a l i n e a r e n e r g y c o r r e l a t i o n c a r r i e d o u t w i t h T . v a r i a b i l i s D A A O a n d p a r a s u b s t i t u t e d p h e n y l g l y c i n e s s h o w t h a t l i t t l e o r n o c h a r g e d e v e l o p s i n t h e t r a n s i t i o n s t a t e a n d t h a t d e h y d r o g e n a t i o n p r o c e e d s v i a c o n c e r t e d r u p t u r e o f t h e t w o i n v o l v e d b o n d s ( 7 ) ; t h e e f f e c t s o f p H , s o l v e n t i s o t o p e e f f e c t s a n d p r i m a r y i s o t o p e r e p l a c e m e n t o n D A l a a n d D A s n d e h y d r o g e n a t i o n b y R g D A A O a r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e a b s e n c e o f f u n c t i o n a l g r o u p s e s s e n t i a l t o a c i d / b a s e c a t a l y s i s a t t h e a c t i v e c e n t e r o f D A A O ( 8 ) ; a l l a c t i v e s i t e r e s i d u e s o f R g D A A O c a r r y i n g f u n c t i o n a l g r o u p s c a p a b l e o f b a s e c a t a l y s i s ( n a m e l y Y 2 2 3 , Y 2 3 8 , R 2 8 5 a n d t
منابع مشابه
Studies on the Reaction Mechanism of Rhodotorula gracilis
We have studied D-amino-acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis by site-directed mutagenesis for the purpose of determining the presence or absence of residues having a possible role in acid/base catalysis. Tyr-223, one of the very few conserved residues among D-aminoacid oxidases, has been mutated to phenylalanine and to serine. Both mutants are active catalysts in turnover with D-alanine, and ...
متن کاملChemical mechanism of D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis: pH dependence of kinetic parameters.
The variation of kinetic parameters of d-amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis with pH was used to gain information about the chemical mechanism of the oxidation of D-amino acids catalysed by this flavoenzyme. d-Alanine was the substrate used. The pH dependence of Vmax and Vmax/Km for alanine as substrate showed that a group with a pK value of 6.26-7.95 (pK1) must be unprotonated and a g...
متن کاملInduction of cytotoxic oxidative stress by D-alanine in brain tumor cells expressing Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase: a cancer gene therapy strategy.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the stereoselective deamination of D-amino acids catalyzed by D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). H2O2 readily crosses cellular membranes and damages DNA, proteins, and lipids. The scarcity of DAAO substrates in mammalian organisms and its co-localization with catalase in the peroxisomal matrix suggested that the cytotoxicity of ...
متن کاملpH and kinetic isotope effects in d-amino acid oxidase catalysis.
The effects of pH, solvent isotope, and primary isotope replacement on substrate dehydrogenation by Rhodotorula gracilis d-amino acid oxidase were investigated. The rate constant for enzyme-FAD reduction by d-alanine increases approximately fourfold with pH, reflecting apparent pKa values of approximately 6 and approximately 8, and reaches plateaus at high and low pH. Such profiles are observed...
متن کاملIdentification and role of ionizing functional groups at the active center of Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase.
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a flavoprotein oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of amino acids and produces ketoacids and H(2)O(2). The rate of product release from reduced DAAO from Rhodotorula gracilis is pH dependent and reflects a pK(a) of approximately 9.3. Binding of benzoate and 3,3,3-trifluoro-D-alanine to wild-type and Y238F-DAAO is also pH dependent (pK(a)=9.8+/-0.1 and 9.05+/-0.1,...
متن کاملKinetic mechanism of D-amino acid oxidases from Rhodotorula gracilis and Trigonopsis variabilis.
The reaction of two D-amino acid oxidases from the yeasts Rhodotorula gracilis and Trigonopsis variabilis with the substrates alanine and valine in their 2-1H and 2-2H forms was studied employing the stopped-flow spectrophotometric technique. The turnover numbers at infinite substrate and oxygen concentrations were: 20,700/4,250 and 1,730/360 ([2-1H]/[2-2H]alanine and valine, respectively) for ...
متن کامل